izibane ezilawulayo zikamatrasi umlilo phantsi kwabavelisi be-nonwovens: iimfuno ze-flame retardant zidala amathuba kwizinto zokulala.

2020/06/15
Phakathi
NgoFebruwari, iKomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMthengi yamkela "i-aruling", elungiselelwe ngushishino lokulala malunga neshumi leminyaka.
Ikomiti ivotele kathathu.
0 evunyiweyo kuluntu jikelele-
Zonke iimpahla zokulala ezithengiswa e-US zine-flamestandardS.
Umgangatho ulandela umthetho ofanayo osele ukho eCali, kwaye waqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 1, 2007.
Iqela elinomdla kushishino loomatrasi lasiqhwabela izandla isigqibo.
"Siyayincoma i-CPSC ngokuzinikela kwayo kweli nyathelo libalulekileyo.
Emva kukaJulayi 2007, imigangatho efanayo yokhuseleko lomlilo yelizwe iya kusebenza kumatrasi athengiswa eUnited States.
Nokuba zenziwa phi, "utshilo uDick Doyle, umongameli woMbutho weeMveliso zokulala zeHlabathi.
\"Abenzi bomandlalo balungiselela okanye bavelise oomatrasi ukuhlangabezana nobu bomi --
I-Ispa iya kuqhubeka nokubonelela ngezibonelelo zokubanceda bahambisane nemigangatho.
"Umgangatho omtsha womlilo ovulekileyo usekwe ikakhulu kwimigaqo eyamkelwe eCalifornia kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Iimfuno ze-CPSC kunye neCalifornia zisekelwe kuphando lwezenzululwazi olwenziwa yiNational Institute of Standards and Technology, kunye negalelo elibalulekileyo elivela kubavelisi, ababoneleli kunye noluntu lokhuseleko lomlilo.
I-Cpsc iqaphele ukuba imigangatho yayo iyakunciphisa kakhulu inani lokufa okubangelwa yimililo yoomatrasi.
Umgangatho omtsha ulungele oomatrasi basekhaya kunye noomandlalo abavela kumazwe angaphandle nabahlaziyiweyo.
Umthetho wenza kucace ukuba abathumeli bomandlalo bangaphandle banezibophelelo ezibalulekileyo zokuthobela.
Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ziyafuneka ukuze zigcinwe eMelika. S.
Iirekhodi zovavanyo kunye namanye amaxwebhu ekufuneka alungiswe ngabavelisi bamanye amazwe, abonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho emitsha.
Ukongeza kusetyenziso olungaguqukiyo lwemigangatho yoomatrasi basekhaya nabangeniswa kumazwe angaphandle, ukusonjululwa kweendawo eziphambili kubandakanya ukucaciswa kweemfuno zovavanyo loomatrasi, kwaye ukulungiswa koomatrasi kuhlangabezana neemfuno ezicacileyo zohlobo oluvulekileyo.
Ukugcinwa kwesampuli kufuna imigangatho yomlilo kunye nokupheliswa.
Ngokutsho kombutho, i-ISPA iya kuqhubeka isebenza ne-CPSC ukuqinisekisa inqanaba elilungileyo nelihambelanayo lokuphunyezwa emva kokuba umgangatho omtsha uqalise ukusebenza.
Ummiselo omtsha, obizwa ngokuba yi-1633, uya kufuna yonke into ethengiswa eUnited States. S.
Okanye ungenise kuthi ngokuthengiswa. S.
I-A30 kufuneka ijongwe ngomzuzu-
Iimvavanyo ezifanayo zokuxhathisa koomandlalo esele zithengisiwe eCalifornia.
Ummiselo waqala ukusebenza ngomhla woku-1 kuJulayi, ngo-2007.
U-Bob Sabalaskey ngusekela mongameli wemveliso kunye nobunjineli beprojekthi kwi-Lilly Consulting Group, i-St.
Uthe umthetho waseCalifornia wahluke kakhulu kwiimfuno zomanyano, kunye nabenzi abaninzi abasele bexhotyiswe ngezixhobo zovavanyo, kwaye imfuneko yomanyano iyimfuneko yokugcina irekhodi.
"Ngokumalunga nokuphumelela uvavanyo, imigangatho karhulumente ayinzima ngakumbi kunaleyo yaseCalifornia," utshilo. \".
"Enyanisweni, kunokuba lula ukuluphumelela uvavanyo kuba abantu bayazi ukuba ummiselo uyeza kungekudala kwaye ugqitywe iminyaka emibini.
Ukusebenza kwe-flame retardant kula macandelo kungcono, kwaye ixabiso liyancipha.
Ukugcinwa kweerekhodi kunye neemfuno zokuqinisekisa umgangatho zitshintshile.
Imigangatho ye-Federal ifuna ukuba iirekhodi zigcinwe kwaye iiprototypes eziqinisekisiweyo ziyafuneka.
Awudingi ukutshisa ibhedi nganye, kodwa kufuneka udibanise imveliso ibe luhlobo oluthile lodidi apho unokutshisa i-rep.
"Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemimiselo, iprototype nganye kufuneka itshise kathathu, malunga ne-700 yeedola ngexesha ngalinye, nto leyo eyenza ixabiso leprototype eqinisekisiweyo ibe yi-2100 yeedola.
Izitshisi ezimbini ngexesha lovavanyo lwesatifikethi--
Enye iphezulu kwaye enye ecaleni kwesiseko somandlalo-
Xa i-burner ephezulu ivuliwe imizuzwana engama-70, khanyisa imizuzwana engama-50 ngaphambi kokuvala.
Ukuze ufaneleke, ubushushu akufunekanga budlule kwi-200 KW kwimizuzu engama-30 ezayo.
Ngokweengcaphephe zeshishini, ibhedi engenawo nasiphi na isithinteli somlilo ikhupha ubushushu obuyi-1000 KW kwimizuzu emithathu ukuya kwemine phambi komlilo.
I-CPSC iqwalasela umgaqo wemizuzu engama-30.
Kukho ixesha elininzi lokuphuma kwigumbi phambi kokuba umatrasi uvuthelwe.
"Injongo yethu kukunciphisa uhlobo lomlilo okanye amandla ewonke akhululwe ekuqaleni, ukunika abantu ixesha lokuphuma kwigumbi."
Watsho uSebalaskey.
Amalaphu angalukwanga amele ishishini elingalukwanga, kwaye ukuqhwatyelwa izandla ngalo mthetho kungaphaya kwamandla awo okusindisa ubomi bomntu.
Ukuguquguquka kwezinto ze-Nonwovenmaterials kwenza kube lula kubo ukuba bafumane iipropathi ze-flame retardant kunezinye izinto ezikhuphisanayo, ezinje ngamalaphu okanye amagwebu.
Iinkokeli ezininzi zeshishini ziye zaqalisa iimveliso ezinobungqina bomlilo kwimakethi yomandlalo.
"Uya kubona abavelisi abaninzi abangalukwanga bevelisa amalaphu okuthintela, abekwe ngaphantsi komphezulu womandlalo kwaye anokuthintela ukunyibilika kunye nokutshiswa kwezinto ngaphakathi kwimatrasi ngomlilo ovulekileyo kunye nomlilo ovulekileyo, uSteven Ogle, umlawuli wentengiso kwi-leggett & Platt, utshilo.
I-Leggett ibonelele ngeemveliso kwindawo yokulala kunye neemarike zentolongo, ezijongene nemigangatho efanayo ixesha elide.
Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kwimarike yeendawo zokuhlala ngoku kuthetha amathuba amakhulu, kodwa kukwadala imingeni emikhulu.
"Injongo yomgangatho we-refractory kukugcina ukuvakalelwa kwelaphu ngelixa unikezela ukhuseleko," utshilo uMnu Ogel.
"Oku kunokufezekiswa ngeemveliso ezifihliweyo zohlobo lwenaliti, iindawo eziphakamileyo ezishushu ezidityanisiweyo kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo ezifakwe kwi-spray.
Naziphi na ezi ntlobo zeendlela zokudibanisa zingabandakanywa kwi-flame retardant barrier.
"Injongo yakhe nawuphi na umenzi ongalukiweyo, Mhlekazi
U-Ogel wongezelela ukuba yimveliso enokumelana nomlilo ovulekileyo oqinileyo, ukuxhathisa ukutshintshwa kobushushu kunye nokuvezwa komlilo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla obunzima kunye nokuthintela amacandelo angaphakathi ukuba abambe umlilo ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Umphathi oPhezulu kwiTotowa Precision Custom Coatings, eNew Jersey-
Umvelisi we-Nonwovens nonwovens uthi ukujolisa kumatrasi ngoku kuyavakala ngesigwebo esitsha.
"Idatha yethu ibonisa ukuba kuthengiswa oomatrasi abazizigidi ezingama-29 eUnited States.
"Esi sixhobo singatshiyo siza kuba neemitha ezintandathu kwimatrasi nganye," utshilo uPeter longgo, usihlalo kunye negosa eliyintloko lokusebenza. \".
"Oku kuthetha ukuba i-0. 18 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha zezinto eziluhlaza zingena emarikeni minyaka le.
Eli lithuba elihle.
I-CPPCC iyakwazi ukunyanga amalaphu angalukiyo angalukiyo-
Enye yeyabenzi bomandlalo
Yeka ukuthengela iimfuno zabo zebhedi.
Kwangaxeshanye, ilaphu lasefreudberg elingalukwanga libambisene nomthengisi we-berginger u-Hickory Springs ukuze ancede avule umnyango kwishishini le-berginger.
I-Hickory Springs ngumenzi kunye nomthengisi woomatrasi kwaye unoxanduva lokuthengisa kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto zokulala ezingenakuvutha umlilo zeFreudenberg.
\"Asingomthengisi omkhulu kwishishini loomatrasi, ngoko sicinga ukuba kububulumko ukuzihlengahlengisa . \"Utshilo uFrasch.
Kuba singengomthengisi omkhulu kumashishini oomatrasi, i-Hickory Springs iphethe intengiso yethu kunye nokuhanjiswa.
"Umvelisi akafuni ukuba nezinto ezinobungqina bomlilo kwilori yonke ngaxeshanye.
Kwakubiza ukuthunyelwa ngokwahlukeneyo, ngoko ke sabelana ngenkonzo yokuhambisa kunye ne-Hickory Springs.
\"Ngelixa izinto zokulala ziyimarike entsha kraca yamalaphu angalukwanga abuyiswe ngumlilo, ayiyontengiso ngaphandle kokhuphiswano.
UFrash uthi una 15-
Kumboniso wamva nje we-ISPA, iinkampani ezingama-20 zibonise imathiriyeli yeMarike kwaye ubuncinci abanye abavelisi be-12 bacinge ngokujolisa kwimarike.
"Kukho ukhuphiswano oluninzi ixesha elide". UFrassch uthe.
"Kwiiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu edlulileyo, olu yilo lwenze uphuculo olubonakalayo ekukwazini ukuhlangabezana novavanyo ngexabiso elamkelekileyo.
Amaxabiso ehle ngesiqingatha oko saqalayo kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, ukuba akukho ngaphezulu.
UTom Taylor weenkampani zaseNtshona ezingalukwanga uthe ngelixa imigangatho enokutsha ivula umnyango kubaboneleli abatsha, ngababoneleli kuphela abanokufikelela kwiimfuno ezingqongqo zesayensi nobunjineli abanokuphila kule ntengiso.
Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, 40-
Abantu ababonelela ngezisombululo zokukhusela umlilo;
Kodwa kumboniso omkhulu walo nyaka, ziinkampani ezingama-26 kuphela ezibonelela ngezi zisombululo. \"
\"ICalifornia yahlula ababuthathaka kwabanamandla.
Wonke umntu ucinga ukuba kulula kodwa akukho lula.
Le yinkqubo yokufunda kumntu wonke olapha.
Abo bethu banamava ngokuthe ngqo bayazi ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukuba neseti epheleleyo yeebhedi ezihlangabezana neemfuno.
La ngamava okufunda ekufuneka kujongwane nawo ngokuthe ngqo.
\"Ayingomsebenzi olula ukuphuhlisa izisombululo zokwenyani ezihlala zihlangabezana nemigangatho evavanyiweyo ekusebenzeni.
UTaylor ukhumbuze abavelisi boomatrasi ukuba baqale umsebenzi wokuthobela ngoko nangoko.
"Ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, ilebhu iya kuba novalo," utshilo. \".
"Kwaye, ngenxa yexesha, kufuneka ukwazi ukukhulula kwakhona iimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno ngoFebruwari.
\"Isibheno se-Nonwovens kwimarike yokulala sinamacala amaninzi.
Okokuqala, zibonakala elubala ebhedini.
Umenzi unokufaka ilaphu elingalukwanga phezulu kumatrasi okanye kwiphaneli yecala, kwaye ibhedi isaziva ifana nangaphambili.
Okwesibini, amalaphu angalukiweyo anikezela umthamo ofanayo ngendlela yamaqhina, amalaphu okanye i-foam, ngoko ke iindleko aziyi kuba phezulu.
Ukongeza, ilaphu elingalukwanga lilula kakhulu ukulisebenzisa.
Akukho manyathelo ongezelelweyo ongeziweyo ngexesha lokuzaliswa.
\"Singayila nayiphi na ibhedi emhlabeni jikelele. Umbuzo ngowokuba ingaba ixabiso lifanelekile na . \"
UTaylor wacacisa.
Ngapha koko, uninzi lwemizamo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ebandakanya itekhnoloji ye-flame retardant igxile ekunciphiseni iindleko.
Ngokutsho kweengcali, ekubeni izinto ezinokutsha ziye zaba ngumxholo oshushu kubakhiqizi abangalukwanga abafuna ukwenza ishishini kwimakethi yomandlalo, ixabiso leendwangu ezingapholiyo ezingalukwanga lihle kakhulu, kwaye ngoku lingaphantsi kwesiqingatha okanye i-30. % kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo.
Inxalenye yesizathu sokuhla kwexabiso lukhuphiswano, kodwa malunga noko kufuneka kwenziwe ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho, abaninzi abavelisi baba krelekrele.
"Iimveliso zoqobo ziyilwe ngokugqithisileyo ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yazo," utshilo. Watsho uOgel.
"Oku kuye kwalungiswa ngokunciphisa ubunzima obusisiseko kunye nokunciphisa inani leentsinga ezibizayo ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu.
"URobert McKinnon, i-CEO ye-flame retardant fiber supplier i-basofilnon, uyavuma ukuba uxanduva lomthwalo luye lwaqwalaselwa ngokwe-flame retardant.
"Njengoko sifunda ngakumbi, iindleko zokwenza ezi mveliso zehle kakhulu," utshilo. \".
"Enyanisweni, enye yezinto esizichongileyo kukuba ungaxuba iintsinga ezinkulu ezibuyisela idangatye kunye neentsinga zentengiso, kwaye kwimixube echanekileyo unokufezekisa into oyifunayo.
"Njengoko umgangatho wamaxabiso usanelisayo, inyathelo elilandelayo kukunceda abavelisi ukuba bafezekise ukuthobela, kwaye abavelisi abangalukiyo bakholelwa ukuba iimveliso zabo ziyakwenza oko.
UScott Taser, uMongameli kunye ne-CEo ye-PCC, uthe ukusebenza ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokwenza umatrasi kuya kuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu.
\"Umceli mngeni kukuba wonke umenzi womandlalo wenza umatrasi ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ngoko ke kufuneka usebenzisane nabavelisi ngabanye ukuze beze nenkqubo abanokuthi bayisebenzise xa bevelisa, kwaye bafumanise ukuba bazakuvelisa njani oomandlalo mhlekazi.Tesser. .
UKaren Bitz McIntyre uhlela inqaku: Indlela eya kulawulo: ulawulo lwematrasi sele lusenziwa amashumi eminyaka.
Indlela eya ekugqithiseni isigwebo esivuthayo asiyondlela imfutshane.
Yaqala ebutsheni bowe-1970 xa kwakukho ubungqina bokuba inani elikhulu lemililo yamakhaya yaqala emva kwefenitshala yebhodi yophawu lwecuba engajongwanga.
Kungelo xesha ke apho i-CPSC yakhupha imigangatho yokuyila okokuqala, kodwa xa umanyano lwabavelisi befenitshala luphuhlisa imigangatho yokuzithandela ukujongana nalo mba, isenzo sayeka.
Lo mgangatho wokuzithandela wawuthathwa njengowamkelekileyo de kwangowe-1993, xa uMbutho weSizwe wabancedisi boMlilo wacela i-CPSC ukuba kuphuhliswe imigangatho yesizwe yefenitshala ekhutshiweyo kwaye ngokukodwa ukuphuhliswa kwemigangatho yokujongana nayo.
Ngo-1996, i-CPSC yakhupha idrafti yomgangatho womlilo omncinci ovulekileyo, ofuna ukucinywa komlilo okuzenzekelayo ukuze kufuneke amalaphu efanitshala axhonywe upholstered.
Uyilo lwagxekwa ngokunyanzela abavelisi ukuba bafake iikhemikhali kwiilaphu ezinokubangela umonakalo kubathengi 'kwimpilo yexesha elide, kwaye iCongress ekugqibeleni yanqumamisa umsebenzi we-CPSC kwimigangatho, amanyathelo angazange aqalise iinzame de iNational Academy of Sciences. iyakwazi ukuvavanya impembelelo yempilo yeekhemikhali ze-FR kude kube yi-2000.
Ngeli xesha, ngo-2001, iNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yaseCalifornia yawisa umthetho ofuna ifenitshala yayo kunye ne-Thermal Insulation Bureau iphuhlise imigangatho enokutsha yoomatrasi kwiminyaka emibini ukuqalisa uphando kwi-astate-
Umatrasi osemgangathweni.
Esoyikela ukuba amanye amazwe angabeka eyawo imigangatho yendalo enokutsha, amalungu emarike yefenitshala aqalisa ukucinga ukuba kuya kuba lula ngakumbi ukuthobela imigangatho yelizwe kunokuthobela amazwe angama-50 ahlukeneyo --
Ukukhutshwa kwemimiselo.
Kwi-2003, ifenitshala kunye nomvelisi we-Alliance wasondela kwi-CPSC ukuxhasa imigangatho yelizwe kwiipropati ezinokutsha, ngokude nje zifake isicelo sokutshisa okubangelwa ugwayi okanye umlilo we-Xiao Ming kwaye unokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-FR barrier material.
QHAGAMSHELANA NATHI
Sixelele nje iimfuno zakho, singenza okungaphezulu koko unokucinga.
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